This course critically examines the concept of the "socialist city," questioning the extent to which it existed as a distinct urban model in practice. Through case studies from various state socialist countries—and comparisons with cities beyond the socialist bloc—it explores how these urban environments developed and evolved over time. By situating socialist urbanism within the broader context of European city-making, the course investigates whether different variants of the socialist city align with the traditional European city model, and to what extent they can be understood as expressions of modernist utopian ideals.