The seminar analyses the challenges posed by economic and social inequalities in the context of global environmental change. It addresses several dimensions of inequality such as income, wealth, race, and gender. The link between inequality and the environment is examined along many perspectives, including economic theory, political science, climate science, and environmental justice. Among other topics, the seminar investigates if income inequality harms the environment and hinders the implementation of appropriate public policies. The overlap between distributive effects of environmental change and underlying inequalities is also discussed, together with the implications for the design of fair policies. Finally, debates on historical responsibility and inter-generational equity are introduced in the context of global climate action.